Love In The Time of Cholera Analysis Paper Essay

In the novel, Love in the Time of Cholera written by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, there are many symbols to represent, literally, love in the time of cholera. These symbols are flowers, birds, and rain. Mà ¡rquez uses these similar terms to describe the effects of love and cholera throughout the novel by using all of those symbols ultimately represent or foreshadow anguish and unfortunate disasters that Cholera can bring. Cholera was a contagious disease affecting most of the population in where the story takes place. Though, this book is heavily centered on the disease and love, the author is primarily focusing on literal â€Å"lovesickness†. One generally does not associate sweet and pure love with diarrhea, infections, or a painful death, which is why cholera is used to depict the lovesickness in this novel. Cholera is a disease, like falling in love (lovesickness), drives you crazy, you suffer, and you could die without ever being content with the life you’ve had so far. An example of lovesickness in the novel, is when Florentino is driven crazy by falling in love with Fermina. Instead of being a physical illness like cholera, lovesickness is a mental disease. See more: analytical writing Florentino was so crazy in love with Fermina,the only way he could deal with this love was to eat flowers. Flowers represent the anguish of love and further suffering.Though flowers represented hope and love for Florentino, it ultimately lead to disaster of suffering, just like how cholera suddenly ends a life. It was as if Fermina was the flower petals, and Florentino consumed the flower petals to consume all the affection and rejection he was receiving from Fermina. Until Fermina can be with him, the only thing that Florentino has of Fermina are those flower petals he is consuming. Florentino also suffers from physical pains of lovesickness. The flower petals he consumes make him so violently ill, that his mother thought he had cholera, which is ironic considering the parallel of the two. Florentino feels the anguish of love and the only for him to express that was to consume flower petals. This was necessary for Florentino because he was suffering so much emotional pain he almost felt dead, and physical pain was imperative for him to feel alive. Birds, like Cholera, lead to death. Mà ¡rquez uses the birds in the novel as an ironic message of love that soon leads to a disastrous end. Birds were the reason why people died, just like Cholera will make people die. In the novel, Mà ¡rquez does not include a character that actually died from Cholera. However, he does include characters that die from â€Å"love sickness† at the hands of birds. Since lovesickness serves as a parallel to Cholera, we can assume that birds also represent Cholera, which is the fate of death. The most prominent example is when Dr.Urbino tried to catch his beloved parrot and eventually fell to his death. The parrot that Dr. Urbino spent countless hours of dedication and the bird that he had paid more attention than he did to his own children, that lead ironically to his death. Another example when Olimpia Zuleta gave Florentino a carrier pigeon as a thank-you for rescuing her and her parasol. Florentino sent back the carrier pigeon with an unsigned love note, and thus the romance between the two began. The Pigeon that lead to a romance between the two soon ended when the husband discovered her infidelity and Olimpia was killed. Both Dr.Urbino and Olimpia lose their lives to love, whether it be because of a bird or for a bird. I believe that the birds also And last but not least, rain (or any type of water) finally represents a point in the book when a barrier has been overcome and there is a renewed chance for love. Rain represents the drastic change in a book, just like how Cholera can bring about a drastic change in one’s life. The first downpour of rain brings about two critical changes, which is when Dr. Urbino dies and the reappearance of Florentino in Fermina’s life. The rain not only symbolized a tragic and sad death, which is what Cholera is, the rain symbolized a new renewed hope of love between Florentino and Fermina. The rain is possibly the only â€Å"positive† symbol Mà ¡rquez uses in order to portray Cholera as a drastic change in the novel. Throughout Love in the Time of Cholera, Mà ¡rquez uses symbols such as cholera, flowers, birds and rain, to symbolize important aspects of love and to describe Cholera. Though these symbol may seem little or no significance in the beginning, a reader can clearly see and understand the importance, effect, and deeper meaning of these symbols and how they tie together to figuratively portray Cholera.-KC .

Proposal of Divorce

Proposal: Divorce The topic I will be discussing in my paper is on Divorce and the affects it has on the household. To me this topic is significant because my parents were separated. Although they were never married, it seems as though the affects of divorce are similar. In society, this topic is significant because today, divorce happens all the time. It seems as though it is just as popular as getting married. When divorce is brought to society’s attention it is looked at many different ways.Some people analyze it as a good thing. â€Å"If they weren’t truly happy, then its best to go their separate ways†. Other viewers in society such as priests and ministers tend to take a different view. â€Å"They were brought together by God. They took a vow; ‘Until death do we part’, and although it’s not a sin, it is looked down upon†. Different views on the topic of divorce seem to have one idea in common: the affect it has on the household.Di vorce is a very tough process and can be very strenuous on the kids in the family. While researching this topic I plan to go to a church group that may help deal with the issues involved in divorce. I also plan on investigating the different organizations that help the family and kids recover from the separation of their parents. Online, there are studies and research done on the affects that a divorce has on the family that I will be taking a look at.Throughout the duration of writing this paper I plan to research my topic as much as possible. Research can take up to a matter of days or weeks. However, this paper does have a deadline and I am sure I will not achieve 100% of the information that an actual research might use. I will research this topic as much as I need to for as long as I can to get an accurate reading on the topic of Divorce and the affect it has in the household. Because I am the only researcher for this topic, there will be a lot to do.This includes: gathering ge neral information, going to different places that help kids of divorced parents, pull all the information together and write a paper that explains the effects that divorce has on the household. I feel that this paper will help those around me look at divorce in a different way. Some may change their view, while others may stay the same. I just have to get the facts on both sides and present it to them so that people can truly understand the effects that divorce has on a household.

Then I’ll be brief Essay

In Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’, Juliet matures very rapidly. In the start of the play Juliet is introduced as a young, innocent girl, but ends up as a woman in love with an opinion of her own, and is emotionally mature. Juliet goes through several stages of being a child, being in love, becoming a wife, being deceived and being a widow in a short space of time. In the beginning Juliet is shown to be an innocent and nai ve, almost a child, ‘she is not yet fourteen’ years of age. She is open-minded and joins in when she is being teased. She is also willing to listen and respect the advice of her parents and nurse; ‘I’ll look to like, if looking liking move’. This shows that Juliet at this point is obedient and is not emotionally aware and doesn’t know what real love is yet. Another quotation that shows her obedience is ‘Madam, I am here, what is your will? ‘ Also we can see that Lord Capulet, although Juliet’s father and considered her owner, values her opinion and thinks highly of her. ‘ She is the hopeful lady of my earth. ‘ We can see that that there is an innocence about her character and that the thought of marriage does not impress her. We know this because when she is confronted with the idea of marriage she says ‘It is an honour that I do not dream of’. Even though she is not interested in marrying Paris, she agrees to keep her father happy. Another point that shows Juliet is still a young girl is the way that she interacts with and is continually petted by the Nurse. Throughout the play the Nurse continually appears. In the beginning Juliet and the Nurse trust each other, protect each other and show love towards each other. Nurse speaks to Juliet in a little girl language ‘ What lamb! What ladybird! ‘ Juliet appears to have a better relationship with the nurse than with her mother. Juliet and her mother appear to have an awkward relationship. We can see this when she asks the Nurse to ‘give a while’ but soon after asks her to return. Juliet’s behaviour rapidly changes when she is faced with new situations and soon finds that she is in love, and her life has changed. When she meets Romeo she uses a witty and intelligent language. Romeo metaphorically uses religion, saying that Juliet is a ‘saint’, a blessing from God. Although Juliet is only young she is very articulate and this is where her intelligence shows through. She smartly twists Romeo’s words and takes control over him. Juliet says, ‘Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. ‘ ‘Prayer’ is the emphasised word, and although Juliet is denying what Romeo is suggesting she is perhaps, urging him to kiss her. She is outrageously flirtatious. Her meeting with Romeo resulted in a very quick increase in her maturity. A major part in showing that Juliet is maturing is the way in which her language includes a sonnet. The way in which she and Romeo share the sonnet shows true love, even though they have only just met. In a way, Shakespeare is blessing their love and by doing this he is showing that Juliet accepts him and his manner, and is also showing how much she likes him. Shakespeare is once again showing Juliet’s intellect and the way she easily adapts to her surroundings. Once she has admitted her love for Romeo and committed her life to him, there is a new maturity in the way she responds to the people around her and the circumstances in which she finds herself. She is a young woman saying; this is want I want. During the balcony scene Juliet says: ‘ O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father or refuse thy name Or if thy wilt not, be but sworn my love And I’ll no longer be a Capulet! ‘ This scene gives the effect that the couple are so in love that Juliet can take a mature approach to Romeo being a Montague. She strongly believes that Romeo is not her enemy, ‘Montague’ is. ‘Tis but a name that is my enemy. ‘ This shows that she loves Romeo more than she respects her parents and says that she will rid of her family name if it allows her to be with Romeo. She practically questions Romeo and tests him by proposing marriage. Juliet is starting to be more independent and questions her parents’ ideas and disobeys them. There appears to be passion and energy in Juliet’s speech when she is communicating with Romeo. Her language becomes very bold and she talks more to him. She is prepared to take responsibility and so proposes marriage to him. ‘If that thy bent of love be honourable. Thy propose marriage, send me word tomorrow. ‘ This shows a decisive and self-motivated side of Juliet and we can see that she has already changed from the shy and polite Juliet that we were first introduced to. This shows a great, rapid increase in her maturity. Other factors that influence this increase is the way in which she chooses love, even at the risk of being cut from her family, ‘And I’ll no longer be a Capulet’ When Juliet sends the Nurse out to find out about her marriage to Romeo her temperament changes, showing Juliet in a different light. ‘The clock struck nine when I did see the Nurse’; ‘Oh she is lame’ ‘Is three long hours, yet she’s not come’. Shakespeare has used these short sentences to Juliet’s desperation and frustration. She has turned from being a pleasant and courteous girl to a frustrated one. These mannerisms where not expected from a young girl in this period of time. This is another change we are shown in Juliet’s behaviour and maturity. When the Nurse begins to say that Juliet should just agree and marry Paris, Juliet even cuts off from the Nurse leaving her alone. When the Nurse says ‘ Will you speak well of that who killed your cousin’. Juliet replies ‘Shall I speak ill of him who is my husband? ‘ She also says that ‘That villain would of killed my husband’ protecting Romeo from the Nurse taking the side of he lover, rather than her family and openly rebelling showing that she is not trying to act the part that her parents want her to play. Although Juliet is drifting away from her family she once again she begins to play the role of a mature young woman and agrees to wed Paris, to put things right with her family. This is a very mature act, even though we know from the text that this is not what she wants. Juliet says ‘ Unless thou tell me how I may prevent it .. . And with this knife I’ll help it presently’. When Juliet agrees to marry Paris she says to her father ‘ To beg you pardon. Pardon I beseech you! Henceforth I am ever ruled by you. This is a very mature act, even though it is deceitful, Juliet has settled problems within her family, so they do not feel that they have killed her. She shows maturity by putting their needs before hers. After Juliet has arranged her ‘death’ with Friar Lawrence, she is an emotionally awoken woman who will do anything to be with the one she loves. ‘And I will do it without fear or doubt, to live an unstained wife to my sweet love’. Juliet faces her fears and trusts in God and Friar Lawrence. She is forced to use trickery in order to stay true to dear Romeo. This showed remarkable courage. Before she takes the potion she uses a soliloquy that confronts all her fears. She speaks in blank verse showing the seriousness of the situation. When Juliet awakes to see a lifeless Romeo lying beside her, Juliet’s maturity and loyalty takes over and she takes the decision to choose eternity over the present. The quotation ‘ Then I’ll be brief. O happy dagger! This is my sheath; there rust, and let me die. ‘ Shows the quickness and determination of Juliet’s death. During the period of a few days Juliet matures into a committed and reliable woman and wife, capable of taking decisions without the help of others. Shakespeare shows this by clearly stating the different stages that happen and by making everything occur in a short period of time. He also uses different language throughout the play, such as blank verse, sonnets and soliloquies and different sentence structures to show different emotions.

Sodium chloride is a very important compound. state the propertied of Essay

Sodium chloride is a very important compound. state the propertied of it and discuss the many products made from it - Essay Example Let us consider each of these aspects in a detailed manner. Salt was used even before the pre-historic period. Animals used to get salt from the various sources in nature and primitive man got his requirement of salt from animal meat. When he turned a cultivator, he found that some salt sources (like sea water) gave his vegetables the salty taste that he used to get on meat (as cited in http://www.saltsense.co.uk/history01.htm). Later on he learned how salt helped to preserve meat, cure hides and heal wounds. About 4,700 years ago, the Chinese Png-tzao-kan-mu, one of the earliest known writings recorded more than 40 types of salt (as cited in http://www.saltsense.co.uk/history02.htm). In the British aisles, there have been traces of inland brines from where ancient man made salt. Archaeological evidence is leading to Bronze Age to this age old practice. â€Å"We even know the names of a few of the Roman saltmakers. These are inscribed on some of the lead pans - Viventius, Veluvius and Cunitus. Complete Roman salt pans are in the Salt Museum and at Nantwich Museum. The leaden pans were roughly 90-100cm square by 15cm deep.Roman soldiers were partly paid in salt. It is said to be from this that we get the word soldier - sal dare, meaning to give salt. From the same source we get the word salary, salarium† (as cited in http://www.saltsense.co.uk/history04.htm). â€Å"Salt is widely distributed in nature. It is found in solution in ocean water in concentrations of about 30 g/liter (about 4.08 oz/gallons) of water, meaning that salt makes up about 3 percent of ocean water by weight. The compound is also distributed throughout many rivers and inland lakes and seas, the concentration varying from 0.002 percent in Mississipi River to 12 percent in the  Great Salt Lake. Salt can occur as a surface crust or layer in swamps and dry lake bottoms, especially in extremely arid regions. The mineral  halite, more commonly known as  rock salt  or  massive

Discussion Board - Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Board - Ethics - Essay Example Using a quotation partially is a very widely spread and officially allowed technique in scientific writing, however, I am aware of the fact that like this, its author’s position might be distorted (either voluntarily or non-voluntarily, as people often tend to â€Å"interpret† opinions of others and see what they want to see). In other words, a part of quotation that is taken out of the context, can serve to support virtually any statement or idea. That is why I choose, while writing my papers, to keep in mind the norms and guidelines of scientific ethics, which presupposes that I should only use quotations when I am 100% sure that it truly reflects the idea of its author. Dilemma 2. One more issue of ethical character that I want to talk about is something that I never participated in personally but seen it in a family of my close friend – and considered it quite a complicated dilemma. The problem is the one of putting elderly people into nursing homes. To my strong belief, elderly people most of all need care and love, their family that can provide them with the feeling of security, safety, stability, and being needed. On the other hand, many aged people who are practically helpless sometimes refuse to move in with their children or grandchildren. As a result, many families with elderly relatives often find themselves in a sort of â€Å"vicious circle†: they know that their old ones need help, but cannot give this help because, say, their parents or grandparents do not want to move in with them, and the kids cannot devote enough of their time to the aged people. In this situation, many families prefer to turn to nursery homes that very often provide even better conditions than many people have at home. Elderly people are given full medical care there, they are free from any household duties and have plenty of opportunities to spend their time with people of their own

APPRASING THE EVIDENCE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

APPRASING THE EVIDENCE - Assignment Example The study has no clear indication of whether the researchers accurately measured the exposures and outcomes. Hence, it gives us no solid evidence to determine whether the researchers were biased or not biased in their data analysis. The study accounted for all confounding factors and they used the stratified research design to ensure all confounding factors are considered in the data analysis. It is hard to tell if the follow up was complete as the article does not address whether some respondents dropped out of the study. However, the follow up in general was long enough to ensure conclusive results. Results from the study show that tobacco smoking causes lung cancer. To be precise according to the study it decreases the life span of a person up to 10 years. The loss of year’s increases as one smokes for a long time, it is somehow time dependent. I do believe the results are valid and tobacco causes lung cancer. However, the quantification of the number of years it reduces is not appropriately measured as people usually have different immunities and smoking habits thus the effects would be different from one person to the

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Essay Example The seven wastes include motion; transportation; waiting time; overproduction; inventory; processing time; and defects. Other common wastes are energy; untapped human resources; and by-products. Motion and transport are related to layout; organisation; and engineering. Waste arises as motion and transport does not always result in useful work. In the current case study, motion and transportation includes rearrangement of storage areas that are temporary before and after manufacture or product components; and movement associated with searching fixtures, jigs, tools, equipment, materials, etc. Movement allows an opportunity for product damage during handling and movement; poor space utilisation – large distances between stages or large gangways or storage areas; higher labour cost from low productivity; large batches waiting for transport – large inventories, long leadtimes, low responsiveness. Waiting time, overproduction and inventory are related to scheduling; setups; communication; quality; skills; reward systems; breakdowns; and layout. Waiting time could be caused by material; machine; or labour. Lack of material could be caused by scrap; breakdown; poor schedule; or poor supplier. Machine unavailability could be caused by breakdown; setups; large batches; or unavailability of tools, jigs, fixtures, etc. Skills shortage, absenteeism, or operating or supervising more than one machine could cause skill shortage. Overproduction could be a case of too much or too early. Too much is when there is more production than needed. This could be caused by setups that are long, improper scheduling for EOQ, or inadequate design of processes. Too early includes production earlier than required. This could be caused by lack of machine capability, subcontracting of operations, long in-process delays, or long leadtimes. Overproduction could also be caused by unbalanced material flow; cushion storage; safety storage; and lot delays.

The Problems Of The Women In Current World Essay

The Problems Of The Women In Current World - Essay Example Research has been done on the present situation of the wage gap in the US in the last decade and the improvements made in the last 30 to 40 after the enforcement of equal wages acts and the women’s movement in mid 20th century. Women are still considered as second-grade custody workers in various job sectors. A decade ago in the US, the women were still being paid low as compared to the men for the same job that they were doing. Women caretakers and cleaners have a salary widely disparate from that of men and all because of gender difference. A salary gap of 8000 US dollars separated the women’s yearly income (22000 US Dollars) form the men’s yearly income (30000 US Dollars). (Barko 1) Even after 5 decades since the enforcement of the Equal Payment Act of 1963, American women earned 74 cents for every dollar earned by men, according to the study published jointly by the AFL-CIO and The Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR), Washington (Barko 1). An increase in the wages of women task force employed across different industry sectors and in different categories would bring more than 50 % of low-income dual-earner and single-mother households above the poverty line. The recent study has challenged the age-old argument of lesser industry experience, childbearing time off and child rearing time off supporting the low income of women stating that 43 % of wage gap remains unexplained. After the industrial revolution in the late 19th and early 20th century, many new fields of work emerged and the professional world witnessed a boom. New posts were created, new organizations came into existence and new business lines became viable profit-making options.

Analysis of My Genetic Inheritance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of My Genetic Inheritance - Essay Example My younger brother Larry is very close to my Father. I am not sure why this is, but I think it might be because he is very cute, and he likes the same sports as my Dad. They do things together sometimes, such as watching particular sports programs on tv, and I can see that they both like this very much. My Dad never did that with me when I was his age, and I think maybe as Dad gets older he is not so busy with work, and he likes to spend time with Larry to relax. Dad was not close to his own father, and I am guessing that he wants to make up for that with his own sons, or at least one of them. I am really happy about this because it shows that a person can break free from the patterns that they experienced themselves as a child, and they can make a new start with the next generation. My older Brother Mark has left home and does not have much contact with the rest of us in the family. I used to be a bit afraid of him because he always seemed to be a person that wants to be in control. Now I think maybe he had a difficult job, being the oldest of three boys, and he used to argue a lot with my father. He is the same age as one of the cousins on my father’s side, and I think that he learned some bad habits from him, such as drinking and smoking. I would not be surprised if he even takes drugs, because he was never that impressed with rules and authority. It seems that alcoholism is a common occurrence in my father’s side of the family. My Dad talks about his brothers sometimes, and the mischief they got involved in when they were teenagers. I can see that he has changed since then, and that is probably due to the influence of my mother. She does not drink alcohol, and although she is not totally against it, she would prefer if her family stays away from things that make them behave badly. My brother seems to have a very independent mindset, and it may be that he has inherited this from my grandfather on my father’s side. The cousin that he used to spend time with his now broken contact with his parents and he lives in some community in Nevada. I am not sure what that is all about, but it may have something to do with alternative lifestyles and a kind of resistance to mainstream American values. My older brother does not follow the same kind of crazy ideas that my cousin does, but I think he is disillusioned with his job and wishes he could move away from this state and start something new in a different place. He is certainly more rebellious than my younger brother and me, and I think in the future he might surprise everybody by doing something quite amazing. He is the brightest of us all, but he chooses not to study hard, and so it is possible that one day he will come back to our way of thinking and do something useful with his life.  Ã‚  

The Rebel, The Nihlist, and the Revolutionary in Batman the Dark Essay

The Rebel, The Nihlist, and the Revolutionary in Batman the Dark Knight - Essay Example The following study text expounds on the three figures as portrayed by Camus and further examines their possible application in the movie Batman the Dark Knight by examining three characters and how they fit in Camus’ figures. The nihilist believes that all values are meaningless and baseless, and that nothing can be understood or communicated. Concisely, the nihilist is an extreme pessimist who has no beliefs, no purpose, no loyalty, and all they think of is destroying. â€Å"A nihilist is not one who believes in nothing, but one who does not believe in what exists† (Camus 38). Camus argues that nihilism is a disorder that the modern age overly suffers from and it fights against morality. Morality demands of people to be honest and truthful when looking at their faults, and be truthful to their natures. However, a nihilist does not care about morality, and does not see any purpose of anything in the universe. According to Camus, most of us are nihilists, lacking the necessary values and seeing life as not worth living. The rebel as portrayed by Camus is an individual rejecting both absurdity and political, metaphysical which can be better put as rebellion against unjustified sufferings inflicted b y a state on citizens. The rebel in this condition tries to resist the unjust system of rules and at the same time rejecting the silent (unspoken) universe. A rebel protects what is theirs and denies anyone from touching it, and is perceived of as aiming at imposing but not conquering. This imposition is to make them meaningful towards people who deny his feelings of humanity in a world which has no meaning. As such, rebellion is an act of defence, but not offended, because a rebel will not charge at an oppressor. In the master-slave situation, a rebel will not rebel against their masters but will act against their â€Å"master† status. This is where the action against the superiority is evident and it can be concluded that

Personal Impact Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Impact - Term Paper Example It is a condition where a patient suffers discomfort in emptying their bowels (defecation) and may include abdominal pain and loss of appetite (Rogers, 2011). The disorder typically occurs when the water from the food that the patient ate is absorbed too much by the colon. When the colon absorbs too much water from the food, it will dry up the bowel and consequently result to its slow movement in the digestive tract and thus the constipation disorder. Patients who are suffering from constipation may feel severe pain in the excretion of their bowels especially when the feces are very hard. In extreme cases, it is not only the feces that cannot pass out of the rectum but also the gas that makes the disorder an obstipation (Medical News Today, 2009) In most cases, constipation is caused by the colon’s too much absorption of water from the food. In the case of children however, many of the children’s constipation is caused by functional or idiopathic problem (if the disorder cannot be explained by anatomical or physiological abnormalities) which is more psychological than biological. Unlike in adults whose disorder is primarily caused by their unhealthy eating patterns and lifestyle and mainly physiological in origin, the contributing factors that causes constipation in children can include psychological issues, difficulty in their toilet training and even heredity (Rogers, 2011). In addition to children, old people are also prone to constipation. It is because age related changes in the patient’s body can affect the gastrointestinal tract that would hamper their regular bowel movement though studies were not conclusive that older people are more likely to be affected by constipation than younger people (Woodward, 2012). The report of Medical News Today hypothesized that the reduction of the speed of an old patient’s metabolism may be the reason why older people get constipated which is typically a result of a

Mercedes Benzs E-Biz Solution Essay Example for Free

Mercedes Benzs E-Biz Solution Essay The fact that we would be one of the first car manufacturers in the United States to have a factory delivery program would be seen as a very positive thing in this regard. William Engelke, Assistant Manager, IT Systems, Mercedes Benz US International, commenting on the FDRS. Linking Customers By 2000, Mercedes Benz United States International (MBUSI), builder of the high-quality MClass sports utility vehicle (SUV), established itself as a company that also delivered superior customer services. One such service was the delivery option where by the customer could take delivery of the vehicle at the factory in Alabama, US. The program called the Factory Delivery Reservation System (FDRS), enabled MBUSI to create and validate 1800 orders per hour. FDRS also automatically generated material requirements and Bills of Material1 for 35,000 vehicles per hour. The Customer Relationship Management (CRM) solution that made FDRS possible was based on Lotus Domino2 and IBM Netfinity3 server4. Analysts felt that with its innovative use of the new program, MBUSI not only managed to improve its customer relations by providing the best service, but also demonstrated its commitment to customers by making them an integral part of the process. Customers were, in a way linked directly to the factory floor – which was a powerful sales tool. Background: Mbusi and its Business Challenges MBUSI was a wholly-owned subsidiary of DaimlerChrylser AG. 5 In 1993, Daimler Benz realized that the Benz brand could be extended to wider market segments. Traditionally, Mercedes Benz6 appealed to older and sophisticated customers only. Daimler Benz wanted to attract customers below 40 years of age, who wanted a rugged vehicle with all the safety and luxury features of a Mercedes. Daimler Benz decided to develop a SUV known as the M-Class. It expected strong demand for the new vehicle and therefore planned to build its first car-manufacturing facility – MBUSI – in the (Tuscaloosa, Alabama) US. The MBUSI facility had many advantages. First, labor costs in the US were almost half that of in Germany. Second, the US was the leading geographic market for SUVs. Third, as the vehicles were assembled in the US, they could be distributed to Canada and Mexico more efficiently. In January 1997, the factory started production at partial capacity and by the end of the year, it was producing at full capacity. By 2000, the factory was rolling out around 380 vehicles per day. The new M-Class „allactivityvehicle represented a new concept for the company. Also, mass customization required that each vehicle be treated as a separate project, with its own Bill of Material. To deal with these challenges, Daimler Benz decided to implement an enterprise wide Information Technology (IT) system, with the help of IBM Global Services7. To further strengthen the image of Mercedes Benz in the US, MBUSI planned to deliver vehicles at the factory, becoming the first international automobile manufacturer in the US to do so. MBUSI also wanted to enrich the customersexperience. Commented William Engelke, â€Å"The factory delivery option gives Mercedes-Benz customers something that they do not get from other automobile manufacturers which is why we think the program will resonate with our customers. We think that having the factory delivery program available to Mercedes customers adds to the overall experience of the customer. † The Design of FDRS The FDRS program was proposed in the first quarter of 1998. In the third quarter of 1998, MBUSI entered into a contract with IBM. A development team was constituted with IBM Global Solutions specialists and IBM e-commerce developers, who worked closely with MBUSI. The program became operational by the first quarter of 1999. The IT team at MBUSI had a clear set of functional specifications for FDRS. However, they relied on IBM to transform the concept into an e-business solution. The FDRS was designed in such a way that customers buying the M-Class SUV could specify that will take delivery of their new vehicle at the factory. They could place the order at any of the 355 Mercedes Benz dealers in the US. An authorized employee at the dealership entered the factory delivery order the web interface. Timing was the most important aspect of the FDRSfunctionality, as it was closely linked with MBUSIs vehicle production schedule. Mercedes Benz United States of America (MBUSA)8, based in Montvale, NJ, was the first link in the FDRS program. It was the point where the dealer actually placed the order. MBUSAs role was to coordinate the distribution of vehicles to dealers across the country. Later, it had to add the order to the companys Baan Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)9system, which scheduled the order for production. About three months before the production date, the dealer could schedule in a window, the date and time of arrival of the customer at the factory for delivery. The window was then automatically computed by the FDRS to give the dealer, the possible delivery dates. Apart from the delivery date, the customer could also specify the accessories for the car and also request a factory tour. FDRS was based on Lotus Domino (Refer Exhibit I), Lotus Enterprise Integrator10 and IBM Netfinity servers. It also interfaced with IBM S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server, Model 9672-R45 located in Montvale, NJ (Refer Figure I). There were two Domino servers – an IBM Netfinity 5500 and an IBM Netfinity 3000. FIGURE I SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF FDRS Source: MBUSI The former that acted as the „internal Domino serverwas placed behind a firewall 11. It replicated databases through the firewall to the external server. The replication, which was encrypted, represented the primary means by which the FDRS system achieved security. Netfinity 3000 acted as an „external Domino server. It had public information and was also the primary communication linkage for dealers. The ack-end of the FDRS was equipped with an Oracle database that updated the internal Domino server database with order information. The updation was done using Lotus Enterprise Integrator. The data which was replicated to the internal Domino server included lists of valid dealers and lists of order numbers. When an order was placed by the dealer on the FDRS system, the data was first stored on the external Domino server, after which it w as replicated to the internal Domino server. Then it was replicated to the back-end database via the Lotus Enterprise Integrator. Data replication between the Lotus Notes servers happened every 15 minutes and data exchange with the back-end database three times per day. There was also a link between the back end database and an IBM S/39012 mainframe based system located at MBUSA via a T113 line. MBUSA managed the flow of vehicles to Mercedes dealers across the United States. This mainframe based system, received new vehicle orders (as opposed to factory delivery reservation requests) from individual dealers. The orders were then sent to MBUSIs Baan system and also to the back-end database. The vehicle ordering and factory reservation data were coordinated with each other when the back-end database uploaded the data to the internal Domino server. This coordinated the production and delivery information. FDRS Implementation One of the most challenging aspects of the implementation seemed to be the complexity of the Lotus and Domino scripts. The development team had to group all the information from diverse systems. Commented William Engelke, â€Å"There was a substantial amount of very complex coding involved in the FDRS solution. This application involves a lot more than having our dealers fill out a form and submitting it. There are many things the servers have to do for the system to function properly, such as looking at calendars and production schedules. We built a solution with some very advanced communication linkages. † IBM faced many technical challenges during the implementation of the program. One of them was the different timing schemes of the Lotus Notes databases and backend databases (ERP). This led to discrepancies in the data. Domino server was a Near Real Time (NRT) Server14, and MBUSIs backend activities were both real time15and batch processing16. Also, to get the best results, the Domino server was an optimised subset of the ERP table set17. However, the development team achieved a balance between the two „sidesof the solution by focusing on issues of timing, error detection schemes, and alerts. Customer Satisfaction: FDRS Primary Benefit MBUSI seemed to measure FDRSsuccess in terms of increased satisfaction of its customers. The company also believed that the marketing and customer satisfaction aspects outweighed the significance of more traditional cost-based benefits. Apart from the factory delivery experience, the program also offered the customer a factory tour and ride on the off-road course at a low cost. The company also seemed to gain strategic marketing benefits from the FDRS program, as it was able to establish Mercedes-Benz as a premium brand. (Refer Table I for advantages of FDRS in different areas). Customers could also visit the various tourist spots in Alabama after picking up their M-class vehicles. TABLE I ADVANTAGES OF THE FDRS PROGRAM AREA Strategic Marketing Benefits Cost Savings ADVANTAGES FDRS was expected to improve customer satisfaction and brand loyalty, as it enriched Mercedes customers experience. The program also strengthened the brand image of Mercedes in the US. Development of a web-based solution enabled MBUSI to offer the factory delivery program at substantially lower costs, due to less reliance on administrative personnel. â€Å"Package Marketing† the FDRS program with a ride to tourist sites, enhanced the image of Alabama as a tourist destination. The creation of a similar – albeit smaller – factory delivery system to the European Customer Delivery Center in Sindelfingen, Germany, reflected favorably on the MBUSI business unit. Source: MBUSI Regional Economic Development DaimlerChrysler AG Future of FDRS In 2000, MBUSI planned to leverage FDRSplatform by adding a range of other services. MBUSI built an advanced platform to create communication links to its suppliers. Through the link, MBUSI provided them feedback on the quality of supplies it received. The dealers and suppliers had a user-ID and password, which the system recognized. It then routed them into the appropriate stage of the FDRS. The company also planned to extend the innovative system to include transactional applications such as ordering materials and checking order status on the Web. The company expected that the new system based on FDRS, would be more cost-effective than the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)18 system. ] Bill of Material keeps track of all raw materials, parts, and subassemblies used to create a finished product. 2] A product of IBM Corp. , Lotus Notes and Domino R5 are the industrys leading client/server combination for collaborative messaging and e-business solutions. 3] The IBM Netfinity server offers solutions for file-and-print and application computing needs. 4] A computer or de vice on a network that manages network resources. For example, a file server is a computer and storage device dedicated to storing files. Any user on the network can store files on the server. A print server is a computer that manages one or more printers, and a network server is a computer that manages network traffic. A database server is a computer system that processes database queries. 5] DaimlerChrysler AG was the result of a merger between two leading car manufacturers – Daimler Benz of Germany and Chrysler Corp. of the US in 1998. 6] A luxury brand of passenger cars, Sports Utility Vehicles from DaimlerChrysler. 7] IBM Global Services is the services and consultancy division of IBM Corp. that offers extensive ebusiness solutions. 8] MBUSA is the wholly owned US subsidiary of DaimlerChrylser. ] ERP attempts to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all those different departments particular needs. 10] A server-based data distribution product that enables data exchange between Lotus Domino and a number of host and relational applications. 11] A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or f rom a private network. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets. All messages entering or leaving the intranet pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria. 12] The IBM S/390 servers offer direct high speed access to the e-business application and are used for Enterprise Computing. 13] A dedicated phone connection supporting data rates of 1. 544 Mbits per second. A T1 Line actually consists of 24 individual channels, each of which supports 64 Kbits per second. Each 64 Kbit per second channel can be configured to voice or data traffic. 14] The NRT Server System supports real time distribution of near-real time data. 5] Real time refers to events simulated by a computer at the same speed that they would occur in real life. 16] Executing a series of noninteractive jobs all at one time. The term dates back to the days when users entered programs on punch cards. They gave a batch of these programmed cards to the system operator, who fed them into the computer. Usually, batch jo bs are stored up during working hours and then executed whenever the computer is idle. Batch processing is particularly useful for operations that require the computer or a peripheral device for an extended period of time. Once a batch job begins, it continues until it is done or until an error occurs. Note that batch processing implies that there is no interaction with the user while the program is being executed. 17] The ERP tables are the database tables, (thousands of them), on which the package is built. The programmers and end users must set these tables to match their business processes. Each table has a decision „switchthat leads the software down one decision path or another. 18] EDI connects all the suppliers in and out of the US. www. icmrindia. org/free resources/casestudies/Mercedes Benz-ITSystems-Case Studies. htm

Sylvia Plath And Her Poem Daddy

Sylvia Plath And Her Poem Daddy Sylvia Plath was an American poet and novelist, but also a mother, teacher and wife (Plath, p.2). She was born in Boston Massachusetts on October 27, 1932 (Ibid, p.2). Her mother Aurelia Schober Plath was a first generation American of Austrian descent. Her father Otto Emile Plath was an immigrant from Grabow, Germany (Ibid.). Sylvia Plaths father died of complications of diabetes on November 1940 a month after her eighth birthday (Wikipedia.org/Sylvia Plath). Sylvia Plaths father was not a German Nazi, as readers of the poem Daddy are made to believe. Otto Plath was a distinguished professor of biology and German language at Boston University (Plath, p.3). He was known throughout the world as an authority on bees as well (Ibid.). In Sylvia Plaths poem titled Daddy, a theory exists the poet speaker is addressing both her dead father, but for the most part her husband and father figure, English poet Ted Hughes. To understand this theory, one must recall the meaning of the Oedipus complex as well as the Electra complex. The Oedipus complex is defined as a transition in a male childs life, where the child has a psychological desire to sleep with the mother and kill the father (From Sigmund Freud). The Electra complex, on the other hand, states that a female child has a romantic desire toward the father and rejection of the mother. Psychologically, as an adult, the female looks for a husband that provides the father figure for her; that is, a man that will takes over all the roles of the real father (From Sigmund Freud). The poem Daddy by Sylvia Plath is a fantasy poem rebuking not her dead father but the father figure in her husband Ted Hughes. The poem, Daddy, was written on October 12, 1962 before Sylvia Plath committed suicide (Wikipedia). Almost all of Sylvia Plaths poems were written during the second part of the feminist struggle of the 60s and 70s (Wikipedia.org/Feminism). The poem was posthumously published in a collection of poems under the heading of Ariel, which was submitted with a Forward by her daughter Frieda Hughes Plath (Plath, p. 16). That collection of poems contained in the Ariel collection made Sylvia Plath a household name (Ibid.). In her poem Daddy, Plath uses the Holocaust as a pivot point to rebuke her husband and father figure, and laments her father who died when she was eight years old. Listening to Sylvia Plath read her own poem Daddy, the listener detects a childs tone filled with considerate, unselfish love and affection when she reads and pronounces the word Daddy. The listener also detects the difference in tone when she recites the rest of the lines in the poem. The tone is more harsh and filled with hate, rage and anger (YouTube, http://www.youtube.com). The form of the poem is Free Verse with sixteen Cinquain stanzas. The poem also contains intermittent iambic verse throughout with no continuous pattern. The use of metaphors, symbolism and similes, throughout the stanzas gives the poem a semblance of balance. The entire poem in itself, however, is a metaphor. The speaker uses the first person descriptive voice. The theme of the poem is feminist in nature; that is, a female persona climbing to freedom from dominance of the father figure. She desires to be free from male domination, authority and control in order to be able to have the right to be her own persona. The mood of the poem is conversational (Aird, p. 82). The poem does not follow a rhyming scheme, but it does follow a nursery rhyming type of sound throughout the poem. In addition, a rhyme oo sound is predominant on the first Cinquain stanza as well as on the last stanza of the poem (Strand and Boland, pp. 274-276, Lines 1-5 and 76-80). Examples of internal rhyme are in lines, 1, 23, 49 and 50. An example of alliteration exists in line 49. There are various repetitions in this poem as follows: You do not do, you do not do (Ibid. Line 1), Of wars, wars, wars. (Line 18), Ich, ich, ich, ich, (Ibid. Line 27 which means I want to, I want to). In addition, An engine, an engine (Ibid. Line 31), And my Taroc pack and my Taroc pack (Ibid. Line 39), Panzer-man, panzer-man, O Youà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ (Ibid. Line 45) And get back, back, back to you, (Ibid. Line 59). Also Daddy, daddy, you bastard, Im through. (Ibid. Line 80) The speaker used figurative language throughout the poem. In addition, there are several similes in (Ibid. Lines 3, 32, and 34). The speaker uses hyperbole in lines 6, 11, 12, 49, 62, 69, 72, 73 and 76. Figurative language as an apostrophe is included in lines, 8, 9, 10, 46, 70, and 72. In addition, personification is included in lines 8, 10, 11, 36, 37, 46, 54, 62, 70, and 72. The imagery used by the speaker is relevant to sight, sound and touch, and it is void of smell and taste. The imagery of sound is present in lines 5, 16, 28, 34, 67, and 70. The imagery of sight is present in lines 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 32, 36, 43, 44, 52, 57, 61, and 76. The touch imagery is present in lines 25, 26, 62, and 78. In the first stanza of the poem Daddy, Plath opens the poem with the affirmation that she no longer accepts the hurtful marriage by saying, You do not do, you do not do (Strand and Boland, pp. 274-276, Line 1). She further claims that she will no longer be bound to the darkness and forlornness of her father figure husband by saying, Any more, black shoe / In which I have lived like a foot (Ibid. Lines 2-3). She feels she has been held captive in a marriage that has gone sour and she has had enough. She agrees to divorce her husband and as a result, she is not restricted to the confines of a bad marriage. Even though she faces economic difficulties, it does not matter since she had been under those circumstances before as she says, For thirty years, poor and white. (Ibid. Line 4) In the second stanza, Sylvia Plath decides to accept her fathers death. She claims he had died before she had a chance to show her love for him (Ibid. Line 7). Her fathers dead body was placed, perhaps, in a body bag as she remembers; was heavy and filled with kindness, goodness and love as she says, Marble-heavy, a bag full of God. (Ibid. Line 8) In the third stanza, she remembers the place where her father was placed after his death. She had hopes her father would come back to her as she proclaims, I used to pray to recover you. (Ibid. Line 14), and she cries aloud, Ach, du. (Ibid. Line 15) hoping for her wish to come true. In the fifth stanza, Sylvia Plath refers to the many extramarital affairs her husband and father figure had. She is not sure who he loves, but she does not confront him since the thought of it was perhaps more hurtful than the action itself. In the sixth stanza, she makes a vivid portrayal of her suffering from her painful marriage and father figure by fantasizing of being à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦stuck in a barb wire snare. (Ibid. Line 26) In the seventh stanza, Sylvia Plath feels her father figure pushed her away as if an engine that has drove her to the brim of her fantasy of being a Jew persecuted by the German Nazis. An engine, an engine // Chuffing me off like a Jew. (Ibid. Lines 31 and 32) The circumstance surrounding her unhappy marriage makes her compare herself to a Jew being sent to the first Nazi concentration camp (Wikipedia.org/ Dachau concentration camp), or to the extermination camp in Auschwitz (http://en.wikipedia.org /Auschwitz concentration camp). The least she could expect from her father figure, was to be sent to the Nazi Belsen concentration camp to be exchanged for German prisoners of war held (http://en.wikipedia.org /Bergen-Belsen concentration camp) overseas. In the eighth stanza, Sylvia Plath considers herself an Aryan Gypsy which in à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦the Nazi minds there were contradictions between what they regarded as the superiority of the Aryan race and their image of the Gypsies Like the Jews, Gypsies were singled out by the Nazis for racial persecution and annihilation. (http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org). Sylvia Plath enhances her belief of bad luck and the fantasy of being an Aryan Gypsy by mentioning the Taroc game cards as she says, And my Taroc pack and my Taroc pack / I may be a bit of a Jew. (Strand and Boland, pp. 274-276, Lines 39 and 40) She mentions the Taroc pack twice, once to reference her destiny of her bad luck with her husband and the second to reference the destiny of bad luck with her father figure. Regardless, she still considers herself à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦a bit of a Jew. (Ibid. Line 40) In stanza nine and ten, she compares her husband and father figure to Adolf Hitler, With your Luftwaffe, your gobbledygook. / And your neat mustache / And your Aryan eye, bright blue. // Not God but a swastika / So black no sky could squeak through. / Every woman adores a Fascist, / The boot in the face, the brute / Brute heart of a brute like you. // (Ibid. Lines 42-50) There is a correlation between the figure of Adolf Hitler and her husband and father figure whom also had extramarital dealings with other women. In addition, Ted Hughes was over six feet tall and always dressed himself from head to toe in black (Ted Hughes: An Introduction, Ann Skea). In stanza eleven, the symbolism for blackboard stands for dualism. On the one hand, Sylvia Plath sees her loving and missed father and on the other, she sees her father figure and husband. She sees her father as having a cleft in his chin instead of his foot. On the other hand, the dual figure she sees is that of her husband and father figure having a cleft in his foot much as a devil has. The eleventh stanza states, You stand at the blackboard, daddy, / In the picture I have of you, / A cleft in your chin instead of your foot / But no less a devil for that, no not / Any less the black man who // (Strand and Boland, pp. 274-276, Lines 51-55). She continues addressing her husband and father figure in stanza twelfth by saying, Bit my pretty red heart in two. / (Ibid. Line 56). Also in the twelfth stanza, Sylvia Plath claims she was ten years old when her father died. Several years later, she tried to commit suicide but was unsuccessful. She had hoped to be back with him and would have been satisfied even if there were no flesh left in his bones. She says in part, I was ten when they buried you. / At twenty I tried to die / And get back, back, back to you. / I thought even the bones would do. // (Ibid. Lines 57-60) In stanza thirteen Sylvia Plath refers to the failed attempt at suicide. She claims they were able to save her and thereafter she decides to make a model of her father; her father figure as she says, But they pulled me out of the sack, / And they stuck me together with glue. / And then I knew what to do. / I made a model of you, / A man in black with a Meinkapmf look // (Ibid. Lines 61-65) In stanza fourteenth, she refers to the rack as the wedding bed and having sex with her father figure after she accepted the marriage vows. Later she realizes the marriage is not working and agrees to dissolve the marriage. She decides not to agree to any calls for reconciliation, and refuses to listen to any communications coming from her father figure. She confesses to her father that her life is over with her father figure as she says in the fourteenth stanza, And a love of the rack and the screw. / And I said I do, I do. / So daddy, Im finally through. / The black telephone off the root, / The voices just cant worm through. // (Ibid. Lines 66-70) Stanza fifteenth is an affirmation that Sylvia Plath has accepted the departure from her marriage from her father figure much as she has accepted the death of her father. Sylvia Plath says, If Ive killed one man, Ive killed two (Ibid. Line 71). She refers to the father figure as a vampire whom has drained her lifes happiness for the seven years she was married to her husband and father figure. She says, The vampire who said he was you / And drank my blood for a year, / Seven years, if you want to know. / (Ibid. Lines72-74) In the last line of the fifteenth stanza, she tells her father he can now rest in peace, Daddy, you can lie back now. (Ibid. Line 75) In the sixteenth and last stanza, Sylvia Plath continues with her fantasy and is able to get rid of the vampire father figure, Theres a stake in your fat black heart (Ibid. Line 76). Sylvia Plath comes to a certain end in her life and tells her father people did not like her father figure. People knew the father figure was to blame for her failures by saying, And the villagers never liked you. / They always knew it was you. / Daddy, daddy, you bastard, Im through. // (Ibid. Lines 77-80) It is important to notice the uppercase D when she addresses her father and the lowercase d when she addresses her father figure. (Ibid. Line 80) Sylvia Plath continued her fantasy of being persecuted as a Jew by the German Nazis, and in particular by her father figure, to the end of her life. In her poem Lady Lazarus, she mentions the many times she tried to commit suicide, but was not successful. Before the first publication of the novel The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath carried with her to the end of her life, a correlation of being a persecuted Jew by her father figure. She committed suicide by turning the gas on in the oven of the house and symbolically placed her head inside the oven. She succeeds in killing herself on the 11th day of February 1963 (Aird, p. 13). Sylvia Plath was thirty years old (Ibid). Before carrying out her suicide, she placed a large bottle of milk in each of her childrens cribs and covered the bottom of the door leading to the childrens room with wet towels. The wet towel would prevent the gas from seeping into their room and keeping them from dying as well (wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia Plath). The next day an inquiry ruled her death was a suicide (Ibid). In her novel, The Bell Jar, which was first published under the pseudonym of Victoria Lucas, Sylvia Plath tells in a semiautobiographical story about her unhappiness. The novel enumerates the various conflicts in her life including her complex mental illness. Even today, Sylvia Plath has many fans. The gravestone, which bears her name, is found in Heptonstall churchyard in England (Wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia Plath # cite note). Some of Plaths supporters who have chiseled the name Hughes off it have repeatedly vandalized it. This practice intensified following the suicide in 1969 of Assia Wevill, the woman for whom Ted Hughes left Plath, which led to claims Hughes had been abusive toward Plath (Ibid). Ted Hughes died October 28, 1998 (Skea, Ann); it seems to be ironic, and perhaps symbolic that Ted Hughes died sixty-six years later and a day before Sylvia Plath birthday of October 27. According to [The] Dictionary of Literary Symbols, the number 666 is considered an imperfect number an d the famous number of the beast; that is, the devil (Ferber, p.141).

Effects of Drug Abuse on Adolescents

Effects of Drug Abuse on Adolescents Drug Abuse: A Calamitous future of teenagers Introduction Every year, at a quickening rate, social progressions determined by engineering impacts us individually as well as our family, group, city, country, and the world. What does this need to do with Drug use and/or misuse? Exactly as gadgets persistently develop, drug use takes after comparable way of development. Individuals in the public arena use drugs to adapt to the pressure exuding from the social change, other get dependent by sitting in drug abusing society, number of them get impact by media, and the vast majority of them get compulsion by modeling their guardians (Hanson, Venturelli Fleckenstein, .2012). Ideally the age in which medical science emphasize on taking a healthy diet for proper nourishment of blood and bones, teenagers get indulge voluntarily or involuntarily in drug abusing habits. Besides its harsh effect on individual’s psychological and physiological health, it is the matter of the whole nation like our developing country Pakistan in which teenagers are expected to be extraordinary responsible for the well being and upcoming back bone of the nation. Drug use has been distinguished as a significant open wellbeing issue in Pakistan. As indicated by a review in 2005, there are around 3.5 million drug abusers, and the numbers are rapidly increasing at a yearly rate of 7%. From one of the overview of drug abusers among distinctive age group, 22.4 % of youngsters were included in drug abuse (Ali et al,. (2011). The drug abuser may expect or see the significance of Drug use as the accomplishment of pleasurable sentiments, expanded social associations (diminished restr aint), physical progressions or evasion of withdrawal manifestations in somebody who is reliant on drug and modification of their mental condition to a more attractive state (idealism). Body: As far as open wellbeing, teenagers substance utilization issue has broad social and financial implications. The various unfriendly results connected with high school drinking and substance utilization issue incorporate deadly and nonfatal wounds from drug and alcohol related vehicle accidents, crimes, suicides, dangerous sexual practices, savagery, and psychiatric issue. The most common drugs which are used by teenagers in Pakistan are, Cocaine, alcohol, smoking, cannabis, barbiturates, heroin and ecstasy (Ali et al., 2011). According to National Institute on Drug Abuse (2013), Some of the effects which drugs cause on physiological and mental health are Increased tactile recognition; euphoria, consideration, judgment, coordination and equalization, expanded heart rate, expanded ravenousness schizophreniform issue, impeded transient memory, bronchitis, magnified tachycardia and impact on circulatory system, intensified hindrance of cognitive, psychomotor, and driving execution, Irrit ability, Chronic cough, odd bad dreams, and tension, Euphoria, dry mouth, warm flushing of skin, substantial feeling in furthest points, interchange attentive and sleepy states, sickness, tingling, discouraged breath, lung and upper aviation route carcinoma is undetermined. A 17 year old male patient was admitted in ward under treatment of lungs tumor, upon taking history, he revealed that he was a chronic smoker and using cannabis since 12 years of age, on further investigation on drug addiction he declared the reason of addiction was his father who was a chain smoker as well as a chronic alcoholic abuser. Moreover his acquaintances were also involved in smoking and alcohol consummating behaviors. The family and companion gathering have been recognized as two of the most essential components in understanding immature substance use. Parental impacts have likewise been discovered to be noteworthy indicators of teenager tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, counting the way of parental supe rvision and observing (David. 2005). Most of the time parents get so busy in their official and house chores that they could not be able to give proper attention and care to their children which can bring a wide gap between parent child relation and the child ultimately get prone to vulnerable society. Most of the teenagers indulge in drug abusing behaviors due to feeling of inferiority. For improvement in self esteem some low self esteemed teenagers starts using drugs, which describes that depressive symptomology initiates drugs use (Eva et al., 1987). Teenagers are getting victim of drug abuse globally. According to Hanson, Venturelli Fleckenstein, (2012) the current illegal drug use in United states were: 9.8% in the West, 8.2% in the Northeast, 7.1% in the South and 7.6% in the Midwest. Seeing smoking in movies can just increase the risks three times more that an immature will have a go at smoking. In an investigation of New England youths, the individuals who saw the most meas ure of smoking in motion pictures were 2.7 times more prone to have a go at smoking contrasted with the individuals who saw the slightest measure of smoking. (Dalton et al., 2003). Recommendations: Teenage is a time period where a preschooler enters into social world and physiologically and psychologically changes occurs. As we understand that family structure is a significant predictor of adolescent substance use, even after controlling for family process variables and other factors. Some of the points of considerations are that when a child enters into pubertal stage they must be approached differently than elder adults considering their understanding and mental level. Individual teaching to friends and family, nursing campaigns for awareness of consequences of drugs, community level workshops, use of social media like news, radio, television an internet and organizing different teenage related health Programs should be take into account. Moreover, for treatment of adolescents in hospital settings and in community, we as a nurse must also need to be cautious about ethnicity, gender, stage of readiness to change, cultural background and disability status. Programs should be sh ape in a way that involves the teenager’s family due to its conceivable part in the roots of the issue and its significance as an agent of progress in the teenager’s environment. Negative effect of social media, poor attention of parents, and drug abusing society are the fundamental issues for spoiling teenagers and ruining their personal future as well as demoralizing the character of the nation globally. We all should bring hands together to vanish the burning issues from the society to live a healthy life. References Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (1999). Treatment of adolescents with substance use disorders. Ali, H., Bushra, R., Aslam, N. (2011). Profile of drug users in Karachi city, Pakistan.EMHJ,17(1). E Y Deykin,J C Levy, andV Wells. Adolescent depression, alcohol and drug abuse. American Journal of Public Health February 1987: Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 178-182. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.77.2.178 Wakefield, M., Flay, B., Nichter, M., Giovino, G. (2003). Role of the media in influencing trajectories of youth smoking.Addiction,98(s1), 79-103. Eitle, D. (2005). The moderating effects of peer substance use on the family structure–adolescent substance use association: Quantity versus quality of parenting.Addictive behaviors,30(5), 963-980. ROZI, S. y AKHTAR, S..Prevalence and predictors of smokeless tobacco use among high-school males in Karachi, Pakistan.East. Mediterr. health j.[online]. 2007, vol.13, n.4, pp. 916-924. ISSN 1020-3397. Hanson,G.R., Venturelli,P.J., Fleckenstein,A.E. (2012).DRUGS AND SOCIETY(11thed.). Burlington, U.S: Jones Bartlett. Dalton,M.A., Sargent,J.D., Beach,M.L., Titus-Ernstoff,L., Gibson,J.J., Ahrens,M.B., . . . Heatherton,T.F. (2003). Effect of viewing smoking in movies on adolescent smoking initiation: a cohort study.Lancet,362(9380). doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13970-0 Health Effects | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). (2013). Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/health-effects

Turkey and the European Union :: Turkey Foreign Affairs Europe Essays

Turkey and the European Union Let us begin this by looking at what the EU wants from Turkey. The criteria for EU membership adopted by the Copenhagen European Council in June 1993 require that a candidate country has achieved stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and respect for and protection of minorities; has a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union; and has the ability to take on the obligations of membership, including adherence to the aims of political, economic and monetary union. Thus we can look at what Turkey is facing now. The main problem that faces Turkey is that it is still not a functioning and stable democracy that has the rule of law, that is respecting human rights and protecting minorities. The sporadic disappearances of people in the custody of the authorities and also the suppression of the right of free press and expression in connection with the Kurdish problem has been a stalemate. Also the EU's concerns about the role of the army in political life have to be addressed. Furthermore, under the democracy and human rights agenda Turkeys not so disturbing actions towards its own Kurdish citizens and their rights in a modern democracy is another tripping stone for it, So a solid problem in connection with government and rule persists. A growing Islamist movement and the continuing gain in popularity of the pro-Islamic political parties is another problem that Turkey faces at home, the European Union not taking too kindly to such orientation inside Turkey. Radicalism of this sort is definitely a minus point in their bid for membership. Here too we see the connection with government and law. This growth of support for such movements may be attributed to the blatant European rejection of Turkey at the Luxembourg summit. People have grown weary of continuous rejection and probably the growth in popularity for the alternative parties an be attributed to such matters. Finally the Turkish economic burden on the EU's budget represents the greatest obstacle for its membership in the union. Once a member Turkey would qualify for assistance from the EU funding bodies and could bankrupt the EU funds for such areas as economic improvement and structural growth. The admission of Turkey would release a flood of economic refugees into the other member states. This is not something that Europe would look forward too.

The Free Will/Determinism Paradox Essay -- Free will Decisions Determi

The Free Will/Determinism Paradox Most of us humans, I would guess, prefer to think we have free will. That is, we prefer to think we are able to make choices or decisions based upon our own unique volitions. Such thought appeals to our vanities. If we make â€Å"good† choices and decisions, our self-esteem is elevated, and this gives us pleasure. On the other hand, most of our knowledge leads us in the direction of believing the universe’s functions are deterministic. That is, our knowledge tells us that choice is not necessary to our description of the universe. Events occur as a result of the events which preceeded them. For example, if we strike the cue-ball properly, the 8-ball will be knocked into the billiard table pocket which we intended. We have developed a paradox in our thinking. How can we have free will and the remainder of the universe be deterministic? Our attempts at resolution have been primarily religion oriented. This resolution presumes that we humans are special within the universe. The devine creator gave us free will. Simple as that! The downside of such resolution is that it is not based upon knowledge. It is faith. We might argue that it is an a priori principle. However, this position is tenuous since none of our observation or data support this principle. The logical resolution is to postulate that we do not possess free will. Rather, we have the impression of free will because we do not know all the factors and events which determine our choices or decisions. Therefore, in the presence of inadequate knowledge, we have an illusion of free will, but with more knowledge we would be able to see the determinism in our actions. Another attempt at resolution of the free will/determinism paradox has evolved from the incorporation of probability theory into modern physics. Probability theory is based upon the concept that outcomes of events can be confined within a set of possible outcomes. Further, knowing the characteristics of the set of possible outcomes allows us to make predictions as to what the most probable outcomes will be. Thus, modern physical theories may be thought of as a blend of free will with determinism. A specific event outcome is not determined, but the outcome of many such events (the set of possible outcomes) is determined. For example, we cannot say when a specific radioactive molecule will decay, but w... ...ity is analogous to defining the characteristics of randomness even though true randomness does not exist. So what are some of the characteristics of free will? I believe the principal characteristic of free will is that whatever choices or decisions we make, these choices or decisions should be dependent upon the character or state of our individual being. That is, I make choices or decisions based upon who I am. My choices or decisions are not random, nor are they the direct result of someone else’s being. This is achieved in a determined universe, not an undetermined universe. In a determined universe, I am the product of all events which I or my ancestors have experienced. I am a unique being and my choices or decisions are the result of who I am! Thus, I have the principal characteristic of free will even though the universe is determined. In conclusion, the real paradox of free will/determinism is that free will can exist only in a determined universe. In order to exercise our free will, our actions must have the potential to effect the outcome of events. Our actions cannot effect an event outcome unless there is a cause-effect relationship. Cause-effect is determinism.

Food safety

Time Is what causes and encourages humans to change. When one starts something they may not know everything about It until they actually begin to participate and lea run as they go. Over many years, people all around the world have developed different types of lie epistyles. Years ago, society relied on the hunted gather method to gather food. It later transitioned from farming and then into city life. This meant people were living much closer together, a Lowing asses to spread mostly from food not being properly preserved.This was different f room the farming lifestyle where the owner knew whether or not food was safe because he or s he was growing It themselves. Many did not expect this change because city life was new to t hem, something they had never experienced before. When society changes so fast, It takes a while for the people to adapt to new dangers. The importance of food safety became more bob loss with these changes in society.Over time, people became aware of all the di seases and sis uses that food causes humans. Once these diseases became more and more noticeable, individuals set out to solve the Issues. Many seeded ways to preserve food which ended up largely shaping and changing our world's society today. The shift from a rural lifestyle to city life allowed food safety to evolve with new inventions and discoveries causing the food industry to beck mom more sanitary and keep people from getting sick. Food safety Food safety has become a major concern these days for us, because many restaurants are diverging there focus from producing and providing good quality food towards the provision of food that does not require enough work and cost. Of the two approaches of enhancing food safety, the one that implies a stronger enforcement program by the local health department would be much more effective than simply making it mandatory for the restaurant employees to conduct training sessions for learning the techniques for food safety.The reason why the former technique is better is that even if the employees are trained, they would still not act the way we want them to due to the lust for profits and putting less effort. Whereas, if certain stiff rules and regulations are developed and implemented, all the restaurants would automatically start abiding by those rules in order to avoid penalties or bans. Such rules might include disposing off of food that smells or has become infected, washing hands b efore cooking, and keeping utensils and kitchen clean (Food and Drug Administration, 2010).The effectiveness or efficiency of any business or organization is deeply impacted by the ‘attitudes’ of employees. Attitudes are basically the judgments that are formed by a person regarding the characteristics or nature of any object, act, or event. It might be positive, negative, or indifferent. The attitudes of workers matters a lot in the business environment, since they are the main assets of a company who perform all the activities that might be interlinked with each other.Attitudes shape emotions and behaviors, so if the workers do not really care about the hygiene or safety of the food and carry on the methods the way they are, then the compromise would be done on the safety and quality of food. Whereas, if the workers have strong values, beliefs, and perceptions, then they would most probably be taking care of the safety and promoting others too to consider effective and safety methods when storing, cooking or serving. Answer – 2 Since the department has limited resources to overcome the issue of mosquito bites and illness; therefore, efficient and cheap methods must be adapted to fight with the problem.West Nile Virus results in the flu-like illness among the children who have regular immune systems. As far as the prevention of being bit by the mosquitoes is concerned, the best way to avoid being bit is to use insect repellent and emptying the standing water from buckets, open-floors, or flower pots. People can simply put on some insect repellent or oil on their body – face and hands – before going to sleep; this automatically keeps the mosquitoes away from biting.Secondly, to stay within the home at the time of dawn and dusk would protect the people from being bit by the mosquitoes, since they are very active at these timings (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 2010). And for the control of mosquito popula tion in the community, the best measure that can be adapted is to make people aware about the factors that lead to further enhancement in the population of mosquitoes. One sound method is to clean the stagnant water from various places such as, buckets, open-floors, garden, or flower pots.It is obvious that if there is no open water, it would not get contaminated, and hence would not result in the production of more mosquitoes. This strategy is quite effective and cheap as compared to the process of fumigation, which requires high costs and expenses. References Food and Drug Administration. (2010). Food Safety. Retrieved on July 28, 2010. From http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/foodsafety. html National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2010). West Nile Virus. Retrieved on July 28, 2010. From http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/westnilevirus. html

Time Management Between College and Busy Life

Finding condemnation for yourself plot of land having a busy college schedule, may loaded different things to different students, in the itinerary that they use their clipping, but the end-result is the same measure with turn turn unwrap schoolwork While some tone that using the gym is entertainment, others think that it is a dreaded necessity, the point is well saten it is time to think, decompress, eliminate stress, alone or with a friend, as they are practice together. The problem is that most college kids save their readying for Sunday night. Instead of planning by rights and getting most of it done to begin with a Saturday night party, they procrastinate.Many kids wassail in college, so they already should inhabit that the pleasure of this procrastination is non cost the pain, along with the remorse of some actions caused by drinking, of putting things off until Sunday night. some(prenominal) students are more well-balanced than others. They ordain off a ch oice and possibly wind down on Friday night, without red on, relaxing alone, listening to music, catching up on laundry, or even business home. Some get a uprise on Saturdays homework it is those students that do not wait until Sunday night.It is also those students that are able to wake up early enough on Saturday to do their homework, in the origin place As puppylike adults, they have to learn how to find concordance in their lives and to not feel out of kilter, too often. They need to learn somewhat(predicate) the Ying and Yang, the balance of nature and your total being, and take a Life Skills course. Too umteen times, and it is unfortunate, that students do not know how to chip in use of their time properly. Girls need time alone, and time for their girlfriends, even if they are personnel casualty out with someone.An important rule, however, is to not consent to a guy to interfere with frequently needed time alone, so that they rout out recharge and mentally cop e (because many a(prenominal) do get depressed), and guys must not interfere in anyones studies. Springing into adulthood is a challenge in itself often the first semester of freshman year, students feel free and grass get too much out of control. It is their Resident Asssitant (R. A. ) who can help them gage with feelings of being homesick, and help to tame this saucily found freedom and deal with manage skills, to avoid that aforementioned depression.They can enlighten them how to manage their time wisely and nurture example as to what happens when they get out of control. To deal with a week of schoolwork, deadlines, escape of sleep, and sometimes too much sleep, among the middle of altered schedules is something that is experienced and learned. It is the good vices, such(prenominal) as time alone, phone calls home, and time to chill that is an art in itself to master, and to make habits good habits Start developing those lifelong habits that are necessary to have a bala nced life, as you think about entering the workforce in the upcoming It will be here sooner you know it

The Theme of Death in Edgar Allan Poe’s Poems

The pickpocket of the House of depict is presented by dint of the narrators lens as he helps out a help whose whole heart has been permeated with demolition. Lastly, The Cask of Amontillado is a subject of demise with a motive. The engageing genius commits the execution of instrument of a prideful creation who is hooked to the pleasure of drinking wine. The strickle of the House of register is a recital that revolves near the terror and remnant of some(prenominal) red-brick and his sister, Madeline door guard.As Redbrick bear witness becomes ment onlyy unstable and falls into a accede of depression, he sends a letter to his gigantic lost friend, asking him to come for a stay. The mood of the humbug is full of unmitigated gloom as Redbrick ostiary undergoes a struggle amidst the de patch to live and the leave behind to die. Usher has no will to live and tells the narrator/his friend l shall fit, I must(prenominal) perish in this deplorable folly (Poe 5). This suggests his statistical regression on the abhorrence of expiry, as Usher awes non death, Itself-importance, or the end of life, more all over rather death while until now oppressed by his phantasmagoria fears (Goodwin 174). Sheer . Dreads the events of the future, non in themselves, but in their results he continues to say, l feel that he closure will arrive when I must abandon life and reason in concert in some struggle with the coloured phantasm, FEAR (Poe 5). Usher is overwhelmed by the despondency and darkness of death he is convinced(p) of the inevitability of his fast approaching death. He has such(prenominal) a diseased attitude, as things that would normally bring others happiness do not please him.The narrator, says early on that ushers mental condition displayed Itself In a host of unnatural sensations he thus goes on to add that he suffered much(prenominal) from a morbid acuteness of the senses the or so insipid food was lone sufferable he c ould wear only garments of current texture the doors of all flowers were oppressive his eye were tortured by even a faint light and there were but peculiar sounds, and these from stringed instruments, which did not inspire him with horror (Poe 3).Because Usher is surrounded by a characteristically gothic environment, Isolated and depressing, this contributes to his trance and obsession with death. Throughout the story, ushers friend tries to assert his distance from this dread and misery, but he cannot seem to break away since he is staying in the dull and gloomy house. Gradually, Ushers disruptive mental condition worsens and he becomes so hysterical that he is not accurately perceiving his surroundings. He seems almost ghost- alike because he is upstage so much from life and domain he Is unstable and his mind Is garble by his morbid attitudes and disposition.Redbrick Usher shows contributors a portrait of a humankind whose morbid fascinations ultimately prompt dangerous and suicidal actions. As Ushers sister decays, he realizes he will be the last Usher. maculation many might despair in facing this reality, Usher takes pride in being the last of his family and glossaries his death. Usher says that her return would leave him the last of the ancient cannonball along of the Ushers- which explains the worsening of his mental condition because he will have no family leftover and will feel more lone(a) and isolated (Poe 5).Because Usher tends to exacerbate things that be not as bad as they ar, he becomes so wrapped up in death that he responds to a death that has not happened yet. The fact that Usher entombs his own sister alive and is not immediately aware of it, confirms his obsession with the gloom of death. Usher is either preparing for, worrying about, or turn excited with death- his orbit fascinations are so disturbing. (Walker 586). Redbricks friend attempts to try to take up unnecessary himself from the doom of Usher, but finds it hard t o not become trapped in this terror. The bring back of the House of Usher concerns the total putrefaction of Redbrick Usher as he willingly enters into a gloomy serviceman by remaining in such a miserable environment. Usher experiences a mental disorder that oppresses him, leaves him deranged, and causes his frequent moods of ghastly hilarity (Walker 590). Redbrick is not killed by his sister, but is literally terrified to death by his environment and his distorted imagination. He is beyond saving, as the narrator chop-chop discovers.He collapses into the melancholy which ultimately causes his destruction. William Wilson is a challenging read. In this work Poe confronts death, but not in the literal sense, as in some of his other works. William Wilson is a story where a self-willed, intelligent, and bold man comes crossways another man who seems to embody the arrogate form of himself. Through this short story, the reference questions whether the other William Wilson is only a scruples and does not tangibly exist, or whether he is a real human that knows withal much.William Willows follower has a disposition unlike to Wilson- he is quiet, has no flaws, and only communicates by and through whispers, and unlike the other boys at the naturalize he is not charmed by William Willows intelligence and wealth. Although Wilson is scared of and threatened by his follower (because of his omnipresence and unlimited knowledge), he is also awed and fascinated by him. Death in William Wilson is not inevitably literal rather, it takes place throughout the faultless story.Willows doppelgnger is constantly nerve-wracking to kill the typeface of William Wilson that has no concern for anyone else- the boastful and elfish side. William Wilson is, in a way, violent death false his own goodness by refusing to hark to the information of his doppelgnger by the end of the story, Wilson is beyond salvation and has become dead to others around him. Many readers and c ritics question the true universe of discourse of the doppelgnger collectable to the fact that his mockery and satiric comments are only do in private through whispers. William Wilson is disgusted by these comments because he does not want his temper to be tarnished.Willows doppelgnger seems to be satisfied with the pose he inflicts, but William Wilson is hurting on the inside while trying not to question his own actions. He despises his doppelgnger because he knows he is doing something wrong but does not want to acknowledge it- he wants to confess that everything he does is right and true. William Willows doppelgnger, through his insights, bit by bit makes him tells Wilson, his avowed antagonist, And in my death, see by this image, which is thing own, how utterly thou hast slay thyself (Poe 10).Here, Willows doppelgnger tells Wilson that he has left the better break down of himself and that, essentially, he is now dead also. Willows doppelgnger is precept that if Wilso n had listened to him, he might have been a better soulfulness. All along Wilson has been both(prenominal) threatened and fascinated by this doppelgnger because his wisdom is far keener and better than his own. His doppelgnger kills Willows name, schemes, and pride- he has made Wilson feel horrible because he is the first base mortal to really expose his solid character flaws.In one of the last scenerys, where Wilson is sport with a very rich man and swindles him, his reputation is destroyed and his deceiving tricks are revealed. This scene is where Willows doppelgnger finally takes action instead of merely whispering. He makes it known that William is a cheat. The doppelgngers painting of Willows trickery is the pinnacle of what he has been trying to do all along. Willows doppelgnger represents the happier and better part of William Wilson, and in the end out of fear and paranoia, Wilson kills off this side of himself, or his conscience.William Wilson, like all people, ha s to constantly choose between right and wrong. Even with the lingering shade of his doppelgnger urging him to do right, Wilson manages to triumph over the forces of good acting on him. When Wilson kills his doppelgnger, he dooms himself to a life of turpitude (Sullivan 254). The theme of death in The Cask of Amontillado, by contrast, is literal. The story is a confession of a man, Mentors, who has committed the horrible crime of murder. Mentors lures his friend, favourable, into his family vaults, where he then fetters him to the wall and bricks him in.In this short story, the reader is perplexed by the seeming absence seizure of a motive for this crime. It seems obvious that Mentors is insane, and his reasons for cleanup position better off(predicate) are questionable. Mentors elaborates on his ripe philosophy of revenge l must not only penalise, but punish with impunity. A wrong is undressed when payback overtakes its redresser. It is equally unrepressed when the avenger f ails to make himself felt as such to him who has through with(p) the wrong (Poe 1).While many would suspect Mentors feels punishable about his killing afterwards he says my heart grew sick, he is actually stating his satisfaction over his monstrous work . On account of the dampness of the catacombs (Poe 7). Mentors is in full capable of going through with all this violence and neither have a bun in the ovening nor experiencing any remorse. non only does Mentors feel no iniquity about his murder, but he perceives his murder of Fortunate as a made and Justified act of vengeance and punishment rather than a crime (Barbara 49).The death in The Cask of Amontillado is clearly murder, as Mentors expertly plans his devious actions of capturing Fortunate and killing him in his family vaults. Mentors presents himself as a person with the right to condemn Fortunate to death- he plans his murder as an act of retribution. Although Mentors claims Fortunate death is want from revenge, t he vexs Fortunate causes are never revealed to the audience. Clearly, Mentors actions are irrational, extreme, and therefore he is mad.He is an extremely violent and insane person who is looking forward to the murder of his friend. Mentors is not an active participant in the life of local aristocracy- he seemed to be a recluse. The fact that was more powerful than Mentors (Poe 1). Fortunate death had to come from feelings of Jealously and inferiority. only when Mentors felt, being a descendant of a powerful aristocratic family, he could not possibly let Fortunate insult him with impunity (Barbara 52). The murder of Fortunate is looked forward to and is heedful and calculated, as Mentors wants to kill him.He is able to easily face the toll, of committing the gruesome act that comes upon him. The death in The Cask of Amontillado is eagerly sought as Fortunate murder is deliberate and arranged and is later felt with no pity. The fact that Mentors feels no remorse after the death proves that he is an insane man and was fully capable of pursuing his plan. From losing his parents becoming orphaned and adopted and going through periods of fife where he struggled to both find and hatful with losing love, it is obvious that Edgar Allan Poe experienced much suffering.Death was a common reality for him. Popes three works, William Wilson, The Fall of the House of Usher, and The Cask of Amontillado all express different aspects of death. The tale of Redbrick Usher is one of dramatic intensity, psychological subtlety, and symbolical complexity (Kennedy 42). The deaths in the story are due to unrelieved gloom and morbid attitudes. In William Wilson, death is a mystery, as readers will never know whether William Wilson kills is actual self or a grim conscience who forces Wilson to question his immoral actions.Lastly, death in The Cask of Amontillado is a plotted manslaughter where the receiver is violent and vengeful. Although the treatments of death are different amo ng these short stories, they all share characters, including Redbrick Usher, William Wilson, and Mentors, that are mentally unstable. These three stories dish out with mental instability, self-destruction, and murder which all lead to death, inevitably. In conclusion, we can stem these forms of death from Edgar Allan Popes life and experiences, as he lived through much loss.

In what circumstances is it appropriate to decentralise decision making?

Decentralisation of decision making is the process of involving different people in an organization in making key significant changes whether these changes are policy based or otherwise, different levels of senior management are involved and their expertise and own opinion is sought before any changes are enacted. There are 2 public key decisions making methods in an organisation, namely centralized and decentralized, In the latter, only the top management is involved in making key changes and decisions which negative affect the whole organization.This system is advantageous in that, it is faster, reliable wired and less tasking. While it is still used in great majority of organizaions, most organizations are shifting to the decentralised scientific method and therefore are involving different levels of management in the important decision making process.They rely to make decisions and provide same direction for the company.Thirdly, decentralised decision making process is ideal whereby, primary key decisions are being made at departmental levels such as in production department. Empowering departmental heads to make key decisions perhaps pertaining to the purchasing of crucial dry ingredients as well as other technical areas late may require a decentralised decision making model. PAGE 2: Organisational culture empty can present difficulties for management initiated change programmes? connect Discuss Organisational culture refers to the employee – employer international relations which shape how the two parties interact and intermingle at the work place.Also, organisational culture can be shaped by, former employee backgrounds, external factors as well as the level of support accorded to the employees by the political organization staff.Each time a one-voice coverage is required, e.

On the other hand an organization culture which is negative leads to new customers shunning away so that, any well meant educational programmes will be fail to take better off since, negative publicity which the employees can advance in the process of interacting with the different stake holders also what does have a bearing on the outcome of the projects. Lastly, organizational culture determines total output in workers in that, a negative general attitude amongst employees is more likely to lead to new low output in that, it is highly correlated with time low morale and therefore productivity.PAGE 3: Discuss why managerial authority is so important to our understanding of organisations and technological how this power has to be legitimised logical not just by individual workers but by the international organisations culture. Failure to appreciate managerial authority stems original form a negative culture which in stead of pestering a mutual understanding between skilled work ers and employers causes tensions and such misunderstandings in an organization.in fiscal reporting, agility early may not be suitable.To achieve the above, management should work towards having logical and inculcating in the organization, the right culture. This best can be achieved (if it is lacking), through the launching of strategic plans which could incorporate vision logical and mission statements, core values of the organization as well as the social responsibility statement of the organization. All the above are necessary in ensuring that, the organization functions in the right environment whereby the special needs of all members in the organization are taken great care of and employees feel free and as a part of the organization. This in turn direct result into a culture of unity and strength.Dynamic changes in financial resources and organisational objectives , along with the firm environment, geometric mean a static structure is suitable.

The classical organisation is linked with bureaucracy.Organizations and other people having different opinions on a particular small business choice best can struggle.The operation of the HR professional needs to close parallel the requirements of their organization that is shifting.In the procedure, you ought to be going for foreseeable future growth and ensuring.

Further empirical analysis is necessary Considering that the little effect of management reforms like these may take first time to unfold.There are six significant elements that moral ought to be aligned by the communication departments as a means.Gathering information could possibly be a issue for little logical and midsize businesses (SMEs), not just for financial or personnel reasons, but also because SMEs armed might not understand what theyd like to find worn out or they dont have sufficient time good for detailed analysis.Folks at every level in the business could have some autonomy.